Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística

Technical Information

• -Technical Information#Mapas Municipais para Fins Estatísticos

Technical Information

The 2022 Statistical Municipal Maps received significant improvements and technological innovations in relation to those produced to the 2010 Population Census, as a result of a number of analyses of the geographic data obtained during the data collection phase of the Population Census and updates of the political-administrative division.

They reflect the consolidation of the geographic knowledge, including the integration of the urban and rural pictures of the municipalities for the appropriate coverage of each municipal territory.

As a consequence, they are present in cartographic scales, predominantly established, in A2, A1 and A0 formats and in accordance with the ISO 216 Norm:

• 39.2% up to 1:25,000;
• 36.3% up to 1:50,000;
• 17.3% up to 1:100,000; e
• 7.2% smaller than 1:100,000

The following improvements and innovations should be highlighted:

• The maintenance of the territorial base in annual cycles through completely digital means, integrating urban and rural segments, adopting the GeoPDF format to allow the integration of all elements practiced by the IBGE, allows public agents, researchers, education establishments and persons with incipient skills to use these products in general;
• Prioritization of border lines (borders, state borders, municipal and district borders) and better characterization of the spot of urban areas, distribution of rural areas and official delimitation of special areas (officially-declared indigenous lands, officially-delimited quilombola territories, settlement projects and conservation units), hydrographic network and coastline, elements of the road system, hills or other forms of relief, which guarantee the control of the census operation and coverage in the entire national territory;
• The urban areas correspond to the aggregation of the enumeration areas classified as urban ones, defined for purposes of statistical data collection and dissemination only, according to methodological information detailed in the publication "2022 Population Census: 2022 Mesh of Enumeration Areas;"
• Prioritization of key planimetric elements, even considering the structural limitations of the cartographic update of natural and artificial topographical accidents;
• Flexibilization and adaptations in the typical pattern of cartographic conventions associated with the layout, line styles, colors, symbolisms, sources and dimensions of the nomenclatures for a visually-straightforward design to guide the complex evolution of costs-benefits;
• The adoption of mosaics of orbital images coupling ortho-rectified images from Planet Labs, enabled by the Brasil Mais program, which meet a vision of the landscape elements in terms of environment elements and agribusiness zones, as well as streamline the recognition of the region and the interpretation of the separation between urban and rural areas of the municipalities, incorporating a simplified and functional language of the municipal territory;
• Avoid inconsistencies in the border lines of municipal territories, mainly in terms of identification of assets and of municipal presence favoring the analysis of changes, by avoiding omissions, administrative insubordinations or invasions in installations and maintenance of infrastructures and services;
• Normalization of toponyms of municipalities, districts and localities identified through geospatial filters and analyses from data of previous censuses and sampling surveys, free of charge geo-services and field updating actions carried out by IBGE´s branches;
• Adoption of a system of geographic coordinates suitable to current field surveys adopted by the IBGE, in relation to the use of the system of UTM coordinates adopted in the 2010 Population Census and in previous censuses based on the digitalization of cartographic originals of the terrestrial systematic mapping. A system to check and certify the integrity and quality of the maps was developed in this context as well;
• The interoperability between platforms of geographic information systems with the integration of a map plugin in Phyton to assure uniformity of patterns, avoiding possible inconsistencies in the productive process with the best basic inputs and geo-services available, resulting in an efficient time use for the generation of digital maps.

The files of the Statistical Municipal Maps were based on the 2022 Digital Municipal Mesh, including the changes in the municipal borders informed to the IBGE up to April 30, 2023, according to the Methodological Note no. 01 of the population release on August 31, 2023.

The municipal border used by the IBGE for the Statistical Municipal Maps include the adjustments informed by the state offices to the IBGE up to July 30, 2022.

For the purpose of the Statistical Municiapl Maps, the officially-delimited indigenous lands comprise those that were declared, cetified, regulated and forwarded as indigenous lands until July 31, 2022, reference date of the survey, according to information provided by the National Indian Foundation (Funai).

The officially-delimited quilombola territories had their borders represented from a graphic file of Quilombola Areas available in the Land Archive of the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (Incra) plus the areas informed by state and municipal offices in charge of land matters, under Decree no. 4.887, of 2003. For mapping purposes, the officially-delimited quilombola territories comprise those that showed some formal delimitation in Incra´s land archive or offices in charge of land matters in the states and municipalities on July 31, 2022. Quilombola territories whose delimitations are included in the vector file of settlement projects, but not transferred to the vector file of quilombola territories, were also considered according to the Incra´s Division of Identification and Recognition of Quilombola Territories (Incra/DFQ1). Questions on any aspect of the information compiled in this product should be directly delivered to the offices in charge of that information.

The borders oteh Settlement Projects represented were reproduced according to the Incra´s Land Archive. Projects listed on July 31, 2022 were taken into account,. Projects in the following categories currently practiced by Incra were represented on the maps: Federal Settlement Projects (PAs), Agroextractivism Settlement Projects (PAEs), Sustainable Development Projects (PDSs), Forest Settlement Projects (PAFs) and Descentralized Sustainable Settlement Projects (PDASs). Discountinued projects developed by Incra up to 1990s were <to/>represented as well: Colonization Projects (PCs), Integrated Colonization Projects (PICs), Fast Settlement Projects (PARs), Directed Settlement Projects (PADs), Joint Settlement Projects (PACs) and Quilombola Settlement Projects (PAQs). The categories recognized by Incra were also included: State Settlement Projects (PEs), Recognition of Background Pasture Settlements (PFPs), Dam Re-settlings (PRBs) and Municiapl Settlement Projects (PAMs).( In some municiaplities, settlement projects were omitted due to the extension of the units and limitations to the representation in the map scale. Questions on any aspect of the information compiled in this product should be directly delivered to Incra.

The borders of the Conservation Units represented have as reference the geo-referenced file of the National Registry of Conservation Units (CNUC), maintained by the Ministry of Enviroment jointly with municipal, state and federal offices. Whenever possible, Conservation Units existing up to July 31, 2022 are represented on the maps, reference date for the consolidation of the official borders in the 2022 Municipal Maps, taking into account the minimum time required to process this information in the Territorial Base and other IBGE registries. In some municiaplities, Conservation Units were omitted due to the extension of the units and limitations to the representation in the map scale. Due to scale limitations, Conservation Units of the category Private Ntural Heritage Reserve (RPPN) could not be represented on the maps. Questions on any aspect of the information compiled in this product should be directly delivered to the offices in charge of that information.

Considerations:

• The update of statistical maps is a critical and complex process that requires a careful planning and implementation, with sufficient time to guarantee the efficiency of the census steps to avoid quality conflicts among different users of the census chain;
• For an even greater number of persons, a printed map is an unknown product, as the direct interaction with maps in digital displays more and more common, which requires the revision of the representation methodologies of the mapped elements;
• In the past, the capacity to build maps depended on the availability of expert individuals, a huge industrial infrastructure, significant financial resources and long deadlines;
• In the last years, the fast advance of the Python platform in the structure of the IBGE´s Territorial Base, supported by the rennovation of the updaters, caused a radical technological transformation in the work;
• These transformations allowed the production of collections of census maps even faster, enabling scaled visuals that manage to follow up the territorial changes with a smaller periodicity;
• On top of the richness of the data available in several IBGE sources, the quality of the products has been gaining even greater proportions each year, becoming a consistent instrument which, coupled with the factors of visual acuity, geospatial precision and up-to-dateness, is key to the IBGE. Therefore, the IBGE encourages users, among municipalities and public in general, to suggest improvements.
• The municipal borders represented herein should not be considered as ooficial characterizations or demarcations. Although statistical maps are used as reference for different activities by public and private offices an by the society in general, the IBGE clarifies that Statistical Maps should not be used as legal instruments for the definition, localization, demarcation or public registry of real estate or to define the position of any type of urban equipment, parcel the municipal soil for the administration of the IPTU, TSU, ITBI, ISSQN or any other instrument of fiscal or territorial planning.