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Regional division
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Regional Divisions of Brazil
Description
The Regional Division of Brazil consists of States and Municipalities grouped into regions with the objective of updating regional knowledge about the country and of making it possible to create a territory basis for the survey and dissemination of statistical data. It is also aimed at adding a perspective to the understanding of national territory organization and helping the federal government, as well as States and Municipalities, in the implementation and management of public policies and investments.
The division of Brazil into regions has been a concern since the creation of the IBGE. The need of a deep knowledge of the National Territory aiming at its integration in the 1940s and, later, at planning as a basis for its development, demanded the creation of more detailed regional divisions of Brazil, i.e., based on groups of municipalities rather than on groups of states as they had been ever since.
In the 20th century, the IBGE produced regional divisions based on the concepts of Physiographic Zones (1940s and 1960s), Homogeneous Microregions and Mesoregions (1968 and 1976, respectively) and Geographic Mesoregions and Microregions (1990). In addition, several articles were published in the Journal of Brazilian Geography dealing with the regionalization of Brazil. At the IBGE, regional divisions were established at different levels of coverage and led, in 1942, to the aggregation of Federation Units into Major Regions defined by the physical characteristics of the Brazilian territory and institutionalized as: North Region, Middle-North Region, Western Northeast Region, Eastern Northeast Region, Northern East Region, Southern East Region, South Region and Central West Region. As a consequence of the changes occurred in the Brazilian geographic space, in the 1950s and 1960s, a new subdivision into Macroregions was elaborated in 1970, and introduced revealing concepts and methods that revealed the growing importance of economic articulation and of urban structure in the understanding of the organization of the Brazilian space, from which the following names derive: North Region, Northeast Region, Southeast Region, South Region and Central West Region, which are the current names.
The regional division is a task of scientific nature, being subject to changes occurred in the theoretical-methodological field of Geography, which might affect the concept of region itself. So, the the periodical revisions of the several models of regional division adopted by the IBGe were established according to different conceptual approaches, aiming at displaying and summarizing the natural, cultural, economic, social and political diversity that characterizes the National Territory.
About the publication - 1976 Homogeneous Mesoregions
In 1977, the Regional Division of Brazil gained a spatial aggregate of intermediate level called Mesoregion, defined as a group of Microregions, in a total 86 Mesoregions. This classification into intermediate units had been expected as a future step in the work of the Regional Division that started in the middle of the 1960's.
The Homogeneous Mesoregions, similarly to the Homogeneous Mesoregions, aimed at defining a regional system that allowed the development of regional studies at different aggregation levels. Those studies were intended to make possible the use of information that were not always representative of the observation units in effect. An example is the National Household Sample Survey, which was not representative at Microregional level, or at municipal level.
The growing development of studies aimed mainly at regional planning policies made it necessary to complete he regional structure, in the sense of guaranteeing more flexibility in the choice of observation units, which are at the same time adequate for the objective of a given study and for which the necessary data for the development of the work are significant. Once again, considering the National Household Sample Survey, for example, several isolated variables can be validated at mesoregional level.
The creation of Homogeneous Microregions was due to the fact that, for some time, there were limitations to the use of representative information for the municipality or the use of Major Regions, which led to generalizations that were not always desirable or valid. The definition of this microregional classification, therefore, filled a gap that existed in the system, in the analytical change from a Microregion to a Major Region, and represented an intermediate unit aimed at making a connection between the two levels of aggregation.
The Map and Database were produced using the 1970 Municipal Grid, in order to represent the Regional Division of Brazil of 1976, released by the IBGE in the Statistical Synopsis of Brazil - 1977.
More on the product - 1976 Homogeneous Mesoregions
Publication
Learn more - 1976 Homogeneous Mesoregions
Errata
Replacement of map 29 - Geographic Regions - State of Bahia = Map of the Geographic Regions - State of Bahia
Published date: 23/05/2019
Description:
A small typing error was detected on map 29 - Geographic Regions State of Bahia = Map of the Geographic Regions State of Bahia. That was the repetition of the word 'Immediate' on the subscription instead of the word 'Intermediate'.Actions: The errors were corrected and the file was replaced.
Replacement of the database of the Regional Division of Brazil into Immediate and Intermediate Geographic Areas - 2017
Published date: 11/09/2018
Description:
Due to the necessary revision of the composition into Geographic Areas of the Regional Division of Brazil for the states of Maranhão and Pernambuco, we have altered the results presented in Map 1, Map 2 and in the Systematic Chart of the Regional Division of Brazil into Immediate and Intermediate Geographic Areas - 2017. In Maranhão, the Immediate Geographic Area of São Luís is now formed by tbe municipalities of São Luís, Alcântara, Raposa, Paço do Lumiar, São José de Ribamar, Rosário, Bacabeira, Santa Rita, Axixá, Cachoeira Grande, Icatu, Morros and Presidente Juscelino. In Pernambuco, the Immediate Geographic Area of Surubim is now formed by the municipalities of Surubim, Casinhas, Santa Maria do Cambucá, Vertentes do Lério, Frei Miguelinho, Vertentes and Taguaritinga do Norte; the municipality of São Bento do Una is included in the RGI of Belo Jardim – Pesqueira, and the municipalities of Escada, Ribeirão, Quipapá, Cortês and Primavera leave the RGI of Recife, with the creation of the RGI of Escada-Ribeirão, which encompasses those same municipalities.
Actions: The data base was corrected and replaced on the IBGE website.
Calendar change - Regional Division of Brazil
Published date: 29/06/2017
Description: Change in the name of the "Regional division of Brazil and geographic regions" product to "Regional Division of Brazil into Immediate Geographic Regions and Intermediate Geographic Regions".
Actions: Name already changed and available on the Internet.
FAQ
What is the Regional Division of Brazil?
The Regional Division of Brazil consists of the grouping of states and municipalities into Major Regions in order to update regional knowledge about the country and enable the establishment of a territorial mapping for the sake of surveying and dissemination of statistical data. Furthermore, it is intended to add to a perspective for the national territory organization and to assist the federal government, as well as States and Municipalities, in the implementation of public policies and investments. The Regional Division of Brazil has been part of the IBGE’s institutional mission since the creation of the Institute.
How often is the Regional Division of Brazil released?
The study is updated every ten years. It is the IBGE1s duty to effect adjustments in the updating cycle of products, due to necessity or convenience.
What Regional Division is now in effect?
The Regional Division of Brazil into Geographic Regions 2017 is the regional scenario now in effect with regard to statistical dissemination by the IBGE. The current subdivision replaces the Geographic Micro and Mesoregions of 1990 in the IBGE’s tabulation.
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