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Regional division
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Regional Divisions of Brazil
Description
The Regional Division of Brazil consists of States and Municipalities grouped into regions with the objective of updating regional knowledge about the country and of making it possible to create a territory basis for the survey and dissemination of statistical data. It is also aimed at adding a perspective to the understanding of national territory organization and helping the federal government, as well as States and Municipalities, in the implementation and management of public policies and investments.
The division of Brazil into regions has been a concern since the creation of the IBGE. The need of a deep knowledge of the National Territory aiming at its integration in the 1940s and, later, at planning as a basis for its development, demanded the creation of more detailed regional divisions of Brazil, i.e., based on groups of municipalities rather than on groups of states as they had been ever since.
In the 20th century, the IBGE produced regional divisions based on the concepts of Physiographic Zones (1940s and 1960s), Homogeneous Microregions and Mesoregions (1968 and 1976, respectively) and Geographic Mesoregions and Microregions (1990). In addition, several articles were published in the Journal of Brazilian Geography dealing with the regionalization of Brazil. At the IBGE, regional divisions were established at different levels of coverage and led, in 1942, to the aggregation of Federation Units into Major Regions defined by the physical characteristics of the Brazilian territory and institutionalized as: North Region, Middle-North Region, Western Northeast Region, Eastern Northeast Region, Northern East Region, Southern East Region, South Region and Central West Region. As a consequence of the changes occurred in the Brazilian geographic space, in the 1950s and 1960s, a new subdivision into Macroregions was elaborated in 1970, and introduced revealing concepts and methods that revealed the growing importance of economic articulation and of urban structure in the understanding of the organization of the Brazilian space, from which the following names derive: North Region, Northeast Region, Southeast Region, South Region and Central West Region, which are the current names.
The regional division is a task of scientific nature, being subject to changes occurred in the theoretical-methodological field of Geography, which might affect the concept of region itself. So, the the periodical revisions of the several models of regional division adopted by the IBGe were established according to different conceptual approaches, aiming at displaying and summarizing the natural, cultural, economic, social and political diversity that characterizes the National Territory.
About the publication - 1942 Physiographic Zones
In the 1940’s, it was necessary to adopt a single territorial division aiming at both the dissemination of statistical information produced by the National Council of Statistics – CNE, of the IBGE, and at the teaching of Geography in the country, also including a concern about the articulation between different levels of regional division into Major Regions and Sub-Regions and the educational levels.
The first official proposal for a Regional Division conducted by the National Council of Geography – CNG dates back to Resolution no.72 of 14.07.1941, established by the Council. It created the Regional Division of Brazil, for practical purposes, and divided the country into five Major Regions, besides promoting its adoption by Brazilian Statistics.
Then, by means of Resolution no.77, of 17.07.1942, the CNG established the rules that would guide the regional division of the Brazilian Federation Units, for practical purposes, and presented a proposal of a basic division. In that context, the Council considered the in the Division of Brazilian Federation Units into Physiographic Zones there was room for revisions and updates that could bring them closer to predominant geographic characteristics.
Being conceptually based on the features of the physical space as a differentiating element in the regional Brazilian scenario, the Physiographic Zones demarcated by the IBGE in the 1940’s represented not only a period when it was necessary to obtain deeper knowledge of the National Territory, but also, in conceptual terms, marked the notion of natural region against the understanding of the geographic space, at a moment when the regional issue was still mixed with the differences existing in the natural scenario.
The Regional Division of Brazil based on physical features was the main conceptual and methodological vector of identification of the Brazilian regional diversity in the first proposals made by the IBGE. However, although the biggest units were built according to concepts and methods associated to environmental determinism, the smallest units (Physiographic Zones), despite that name, took into consideration the socioeconomic aspects associated to the presence of human and natural components.
In legal terms, Circular no.1 of de 31.01.1942, of the Secretariat of the Presidency of the Republic was the document that prescribed the adoption of the Regional Division defined by the IBGE in all the ministries.
The Map and the Database of the Physiographic Zones 1942 were produced using the Municipal Grid of 1940, in order to portray the Regional Division of Brazil, defined by Resolution no.77, of July 17, 1941 of the National Council of Geography and published in the Official Gazette in 1942.
More on the product - 1942 Physiographic Zones
Aplications
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Errata
Replacement of map 29 - Geographic Regions - State of Bahia = Map of the Geographic Regions - State of Bahia
Published date: 23/05/2019
Description:
A small typing error was detected on map 29 - Geographic Regions State of Bahia = Map of the Geographic Regions State of Bahia. That was the repetition of the word 'Immediate' on the subscription instead of the word 'Intermediate'.Actions: The errors were corrected and the file was replaced.
Replacement of the database of the Regional Division of Brazil into Immediate and Intermediate Geographic Areas - 2017
Published date: 11/09/2018
Description:
Due to the necessary revision of the composition into Geographic Areas of the Regional Division of Brazil for the states of Maranhão and Pernambuco, we have altered the results presented in Map 1, Map 2 and in the Systematic Chart of the Regional Division of Brazil into Immediate and Intermediate Geographic Areas - 2017. In Maranhão, the Immediate Geographic Area of São Luís is now formed by tbe municipalities of São Luís, Alcântara, Raposa, Paço do Lumiar, São José de Ribamar, Rosário, Bacabeira, Santa Rita, Axixá, Cachoeira Grande, Icatu, Morros and Presidente Juscelino. In Pernambuco, the Immediate Geographic Area of Surubim is now formed by the municipalities of Surubim, Casinhas, Santa Maria do Cambucá, Vertentes do Lério, Frei Miguelinho, Vertentes and Taguaritinga do Norte; the municipality of São Bento do Una is included in the RGI of Belo Jardim – Pesqueira, and the municipalities of Escada, Ribeirão, Quipapá, Cortês and Primavera leave the RGI of Recife, with the creation of the RGI of Escada-Ribeirão, which encompasses those same municipalities.
Actions: The data base was corrected and replaced on the IBGE website.
Calendar change - Regional Division of Brazil
Published date: 29/06/2017
Description: Change in the name of the "Regional division of Brazil and geographic regions" product to "Regional Division of Brazil into Immediate Geographic Regions and Intermediate Geographic Regions".
Actions: Name already changed and available on the Internet.
FAQ
What is the Regional Division of Brazil?
The Regional Division of Brazil consists of the grouping of states and municipalities into Major Regions in order to update regional knowledge about the country and enable the establishment of a territorial mapping for the sake of surveying and dissemination of statistical data. Furthermore, it is intended to add to a perspective for the national territory organization and to assist the federal government, as well as States and Municipalities, in the implementation of public policies and investments. The Regional Division of Brazil has been part of the IBGE’s institutional mission since the creation of the Institute.
How often is the Regional Division of Brazil released?
The study is updated every ten years. It is the IBGE1s duty to effect adjustments in the updating cycle of products, due to necessity or convenience.
What Regional Division is now in effect?
The Regional Division of Brazil into Geographic Regions 2017 is the regional scenario now in effect with regard to statistical dissemination by the IBGE. The current subdivision replaces the Geographic Micro and Mesoregions of 1990 in the IBGE’s tabulation.
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