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Favelas and Poor Urban Communities
Description
Favelas and Poor Urban Communities are popular territories originated from several strategies used by the population to address, usually in autonomous and collective form, their housing needs and associated uses (trade, services, leisure and culture, among others), in the face of the lack and inadequacy of public policies and private investments aimed at assuring the right to the city. In many cases, due to their shared origin, relations of neighborhood, community engagement and intense use of common spaces, they constitute identity and community representation.
In Brazil, these spaces appear in different forms and nomenclature, like favelas, invaded areas, poor communities, slums in backwaters, slums in deep valleys, slums in low-lands, slums in villages, shacks, stilt houses, informal allotments and hut villages, among others, expressing geographic, historical and cultural differences in their formation.
Favelas and poor urban communities express the socio-spatial inequality of the Brazilian urbanization. They portray the incompleteness - the precariousness, in the limit - of the governmental policies and private investments to provide an urban infrastructure, public services, collective equipment and environmental protection to the sites where they are located, reproducing conditions of vulnerability. They become worsened with the legal insecurity of the ownership, which also compromises the guarantee of the right to housing and the legal protection against forced evictions and displacements. Click here to check the criteria used by the IBGE to identify favelas and poor urban communities.
About the publication - 2010 - Sample Dissemination Area
The IBGE, aiming at disseminating the data from the 2010 Population Census of the sample questionnaire, in the Areas of Subnormal Agglomerates, has generated one more territorial unit, named Sample Dissemination Areas for Subnormal Agglomerates. The estimates by Weighting Areas do not separate areas of subnormal agglomerates from the other areas. So, it was necessary to create a subdivision to recover those estimates, where subnormal agglomerates would be isolated from the other areas.
The Sample Dissemination Areas for Subnormal Agglomerates are the smallest geographic levels in which the data from the Sample Questionnaire are disseminated, considering the set of subnormal areas against regular ones. As the estimates by Weighting Areas do not separate the areas of subnormal agglomerates from the others, it was necessary to create a division to recover those estimates, where subnormal agglomerates could be disaggregated from the other areas.
In order to create such a division, at least 400 households of the Sample Questionnaire are necessary in this kind of area. When a certain Subnormal Agglomerate does not have 400 occupied private households in the sample, other Sample Dissemination Areas of Subnormal Agglomerates are added to reach the needed amount. Besides, to avoid gaps, since the Sample Dissemination Areas are not side-by-side, regular areas were added to form a continuous unit. Therefore, a Sample Dissemination Area for Subnormal Agglomerates have, at least, 400 households classified as such and, at least, 400 households in regular areas.
The exceptions for such delimitation are aggregations of Subnormal Agglomerates that have at least 400 households in the Sample Questionnaire without any households in regular areas. In this case, it is not necessary to aggregate households in regular areas, for the aggregation itself composes one of the Sample Dissemination Areas for Subnormal agglomerates. In the case of municipalities with less than 400 households in the Sample Questionnaire in the Sample Dissemination Areas for Subnormal Agglomerates, estimates were not generated. It should also be mentioned that municipalities with more than 400 and less than 800 households in the Sample Questionnaire in this kind of area had only one Sample Dissemination Area for Subnormal Agglomerates generated, which coincides with the municipality itself.
The municipalities with more than one Sample Dissemination Area for Subnormal Agglomerates had their city halls consulted. The secretariats involved in the work helped consolidate the areas aiming at future planning.
More on the product - 2010 - Sample Dissemination Area
Learn more - 2010 - Sample Dissemination Area
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FAQ
What is a Favela and a Poor Urban Community?
Favelas and Poor Urban Communities are popular territories originated from several strategies used by the population to address, usually in autonomous and collective form, their housing needs and associated uses (trade, services, leisure and culture, among others), in the face of the lack and inadequacy of public policies and private investments aimed at assuring the right to the city. In many cases, due to their shared origin, neighborhood relations, community engagement and intense use of common spaces, they constitute identity and community representation.
In Brazil, these spaces appear in different forms and nomenclatures, like favelas, invaded areas, poor communities, slums in backwaters, slums in deep valleys, slums in low-lands, slums in villages, shacks, stilt houses, informal allotments and hut villages, among others, expressing geographic, historical and cultural differences in their formation.
What are the criteria used by the IBGE to identify these areas?
The IBGE uses the following criteria to identify favelas and poor urban communities:
- Predominance of households with different degrees of legal insecurity of ownership, and at least one of the other criteria below;
- Lack or incomplete and/or precarious supply of public services (street and residential lightning, water supply, sewage disposal, drainage systems and regular garbage collection) by competent institutions; and/or
- Predominance of buildings, street layout and infrastructure usually self-produced and/or guided by urban and construction parameters different from those established by public bodies; and/or
- Location in areas with restrictions to occupation established by either the environmental or urban legislation, like land strips of roads and railways, energy transmission lines and protected areas, among others; or in urban sites characterized as areas of environmental risk (geological, geomorphological, climate, hydrological and of contamination).
How was the change from Subnormal Agglomerate into Favela and Poor Urban Community?
The information about this process can be found on the Methodological Note about the change from Subnormal Agglomerate into Favela and Poor Urban Community. More information can be obtained on the National Meeting for the Production, Analysis and Dissemination of Information on Favelas and Poor Urban Communities in Brazil website.