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Population Census

About - Demographic trends: an analysis of universe results

It presents data and indicators taken from the universe results of Population Census 2000, encompassing information about the Brazilian population, including: territorial distribution, age structure, increase of the number of elderly persons, evolution of literacy, social and economic profile of the heads of permanent private housing units, as well as household conditions and access to sanitation services in these same housing units.

The volume about Brazil presents results such as tables and graphs by Major Regions, Federative Units and metropolitan areas, including analyses of the changes observed and trends of these indicators, based in the latest censuses. The volume about each Federative Unit presents the analysis of results obtained for this geographic area, illustrated with graphs. All these data are included in the CD ROM which comes enclosed with the publication.

This publication is a valuable source for researchers of Brazil 's demographic status.

 

Tables - Demographic trends: an analysis of universe results

Table 48

Proportion of permanent private households, by existence of bathroom or toilet and type of sanitary sewage according to Major Regions and Federation Units - 1991/2000

Major Regions and Federation Units Proportion of permanent private households
by existence of bathroom or toilet and type of sanitary sewage (%)
Had either bathroom or toilet
Total Type of sanitary sewage
Public sewer system or rainwater network Septic tank

Rudimentary cesspit
1991 2000 1991 2000 1991 2000 1991 2000
Brazil 85.29 91.73 35.36 47.24 17.14 14.96 25.88 23.65
North 78.72 86.35 1.33 9.64 24.50 25.98 44.81 41.58
Rondônia 75.98 89.09 0.26 3.69 28.33 17.05 45.13 64.09
Acre 69.44 79.33 3.52 19.50 20.98 11.60 36.97 34.92
Amazonas 84.11 87.23 1.12 20.00 29.01 26.99 36.53 28.12
Roraima 81.11 88.76 5.03 10.71 25.58 52.22 46.83 24.60
Pará 82.64 87.95 1.37 7.40 27.61 30.33 46.69 40.78
Amapá 87.41 93.06 5.80 6.15 8.78 18.19 57.02 47.56
Tocantins 53.58 73.95 0.00 2.75 0.79 17.08 51.53 50.39
Northeast 62.18 76.44 8.92 25.11 15.14 12.84 31.47 33.97
Maranhão 51.14 60.21 7.11 9.21 11.13 15.37 29.99 30.95
Piauí 41.69 57.06 1.33 4.00 21.63 35.19 18.11 16.79
Ceará 58.53 75.47 6.36 21.44 13.69 12.44 36.64 39.42
Rio Grande do Norte 75.04 89.90 6.99 16.52 30.10 24.31 36.17 47.51
Paraíba 66.26 81.27 12.61 28.90 16.20 10.05 30.27 37.02
Pernambuco 72.90 84.61 15.65 34.25 9.32 9.58 38.42 33.86
Alagoas 65.44 80.25 7.35 15.29 7.53 10.79 46.97 49.69
Sergipe 72.44 86.49 16.94 27.81 16.10 15.12 37.23 40.05
Bahia 60.10 75.95 6.97 34.51 17.88 7.86 23.01 28.04
Southeast 95.54 98.29 63.55 73.42 10.58 8.92 13.07 8.86
Minas Gerais 87.85 94.96 55.98 68.19 1.73 2.50 22.14 16.04
Espírito Santo 90.81 97.41 42.93 56.25 10.56 10.16 22.48 18.62
Rio de Janeiro 97.65 99.10 45.90 62.51 27.92 21.64 6.22 4.92
São Paulo 98.55 99.57 76.20 81.69 7.22 6.54 11.10 6.38
South 93.91 97.86 13.69 29.56 39.83 34.22 35.51 28.97
Paraná 93.85 97.90 21.52 37.66 18.17 15.38 51.25 41.12
Santa Catarina 94.98 98.42 4.40 19.50 59.57 54.03 23.02 17.88
Rio Grande do Sul 93.48 97.56 11.30 27.43 49.10 40.96 27.94 23.79
Central-West 89.51 95.68 27.28 33.27 7.57 7.52 52.90 53.09
Mato Grosso do Sul 93.65 97.65 8.73 11.83 2.14 6.59 81.91 77.42
Mato Grosso 83.56 91.73 5.50 15.66 19.66 14.10 55.74 59.75
Goiás 87.15 95.30 26.97 30.36 2.68 5.36 55.29 57.30
Federal District 98.10 99.32 75.37 83.48 11.98 6.25 10.25 9.45

Table 48 - Conclusion

Proportion of permanent private households by existence of bathroon or toilet and type of sanitary sewage, according to sanitary sewage, by major Regions and Federation Units - 1991/2000 (conclusion)

Major Regions and Federation Units Proportion of permanent private households by existence of bathroon or toilet and type of sanitary sewage (%)
Had either bathroom or toilet Had neither bathroom nor toilet
Type of sanitary sewage
Ditch Other gully
1991 2000 1991 2000 1991 2000
Brazil 3.39 2.58 3.51 3.30 14.71 8.27
North 4.71 4.27 3.37 4.88 21.28 13.65
Rondônia 1.71 2.18 0.56 2.08 24.02 10.91
Acre 5.29 7.59 2.69 5.72 30.56 20.67
Amazonas 11.10 4.98 6.37 7.14 15.89 12.77
Roraima 3.19 0.73 0.47 0.50 18.89 11.24
Pará 3.30 5.03 3.68 4.41 17.36 12.05
Amapá 12.70 4.02 3.10 17.14 12.59 6.94
Tocantins 0.70 1.34 0.57 2.40 46.42 26.05
Northeast 2.04 2.13 4.62 2.38 37.82 23.56
Maranhão 1.85 2.89 1.06 1.80 48.86 39.79
Piauí 0.49 0.49 0.13 0.58 58.31 42.94
Ceará 0.89 0.96 0.95 1.20 41.47 24.53
Rio Grande do Norte 0.56 0.68 1.21 0.89 24.96 10.10
Paraíba 2.36 2.62 4.82 2.68 33.74 18.73
Pernambuco 2.15 2.80 7.35 4.12 27.10 15.39
Alagoas 1.39 2.12 2.21 2.36 34.56 19.75
Sergipe 1.47 1.55 0.70 1.95 27.56 13.51
Bahia 3.42 2.67 8.83 2.87 39.90 24.05
Southeast 4.30 2.70 4.05 4.41 4.46 1.71
Minas Gerais 1.98 1.57 6.03 6.67 12.15 5.04
Espírito Santo 5.81 5.23 9.03 7.15 9.19 2.59
Rio de Janeiro 10.46 6.16 7.14 3.87 2.35 0.90
São Paulo 2.60 1.59 1.43 3.37 1.45 0.43
South 3.45 3.10 1.43 2.01 6.09 2.14
Paraná 2.20 1.88 0.71 1.85 6.15 2.10
Santa Catarina 5.35 4.17 2.64 2.84 5.02 1.58
Rio Grande do Sul 3.65 3.64 1.48 1.75 6.52 2.44
Central-West 1.06 0.72 0.69 1.09 10.49 4.32
Mato Grosso do Sul 0.58 0.68 0.30 1.13 6.35 2.35
Mato Grosso 2.16 1.12 0.49 1.09 16.44 8.27
Goiás 1.01 0.82 1.20 1.45 12.85 4.70
Federal District 0.45 0.03 0.05 0.10 1.90 0.68

Table 52

Proportion of permanent private households by waste disposal, according to Major Regions and Federation Units - 1991/2000

Major Regions and Federation Units Proportion of permanent private households by waste disposal (%)
Collected Burned Burried Thrown Other
1991 2000 1991 2000 1991 2000 1991 2000 1991 2000
Brazil 63.80 79.01 11.89 11.23 1.64 1.16 16.91 7.36 5.75 1.24
North 36.87 57.72 28.59 26.81 2.28 1.79 26.12 12.38 6.14 1.30
Rondônia 38.56 57.28 37.62 34.97 1.15 1.44 18.31 5.43 4.35 0.88
Acre 37.97 55.85 15.73 23.41 0.70 1.34 38.56 16.96 7.03 2.44
Amazonas 47.77 64.74 23.15 22.99 0.65 0.89 24.44 9.97 3.99 1.41
Roraima 53.91 68.93 21.94 19.21 2.14 2.44 20.54 8.68 1.45 0.75
Pará 32.92 53.44 30.24 27.95 3.22 2.40 28.51 15.14 5.12 1.07
Amapá 58.02 71.75 15.22 15.08 0.42 0.74 25.37 11.84 0.97 0.58
Tocantins 22.20 56.86 30.43 26.86 3.73 1.66 23.77 12.07 19.86 2.56
Northeast 41.45 60.59 6.55 14.77 1.18 1.39 38.35 20.01 12.47 3.24
Maranhão 16.17 34.32 18.28 29.94 2.56 3.21 47.56 27.99 15.43 4.54
Piauí 23.68 43.73 11.41 23.23 1.95 1.45 41.08 19.86 21.88 11.75
Ceará 42.82 61.48 6.09 11.18 1.57 1.61 36.06 23.28 13.47 2.45
Rio Grande do Norte 57.23 73.66 7.54 12.10 2.59 1.80 13.89 11.99 18.75 0.44
Paraíba 45.38 65.91 2.70 11.32 0.43 0.74 33.23 12.76 18.26 9.26
Pernambuco 51.80 68.65 3.24 9.20 0.28 0.53 41.38 19.10 3.30 2.52
Alagoas 46.40 68.89 2.60 9.87 0.37 0.86 47.26 19.21 3.38 1.17
Sergipe 51.80 69.84 5.42 13.41 1.06 1.15 26.33 14.52 15.39 1.08
Bahia 41.01 61.67 5.11 15.23 0.96 1.30 39.68 20.26 13.24 1.54
Southeast 78.59 90.32 9.91 6.60 0.79 0.43 8.01 2.25 2.70 0.40
Minas Gerais 56.76 78.35 17.24 14.39 0.85 0.69 16.49 5.57 8.66 0.99
Espírito Santo 55.58 77.57 17.13 15.99 1.07 0.70 15.71 5.09 10.52 0.65
Rio de Janeiro 77.21 92.82 12.61 5.10 0.48 0.14 9.09 1.76 0.62 0.17
São Paulo 91.02 95.83 4.81 2.87 0.88 0.41 3.04 0.70 0.25 0.20
South 67.73 83.55 16.96 11.69 4.43 2.42 6.99 1.70 3.90 0.63
Paraná 66.74 83.22 19.31 12.49 3.12 1.96 8.84 1.85 2.00 0.49
Santa Catarina 63.95 83.05 20.82 12.50 4.81 2.50 7.94 1.42 2.47 0.53
Rio Grande do Sul 70.25 84.09 13.25 10.60 5.37 2.79 5.01 1.72 6.13 0.81
Central-West 62.87 81.71 19.93 13.13 1.80 1.64 10.73 2.80 4.67 0.72
Mato Grosso do Sul 68.91 80.60 22.79 14.21 2.89 2.81 4.09 1.67 1.32 0.71
Mato Grosso 49.77 71.68 30.17 20.58 2.20 2.64 14.95 4.31 2.92 0.79
Goiás 54.17 81.14 20.46 13.38 1.44 1.25 15.26 3.38 8.67 0.85
Federal District 94.61 96.14 2.91 2.61 0.98 0.24 1.39 0.69 0.11 0.32

Tabela 56

Permanent private households with basic sanitation, in absolute values and values proportionally related to the total permanent private households, according to Major Regions and Federation Units - 1991/2000

Major Regions and Federation Units Domicílios particulares permanentes atendidos com saneamento básico
Absolute Proportion in relation to the total permanent private households (%)
  1991 2000 1991 2000
Brazil 15 734 094 25 296 321 45.30 56.47
North 326 158 645 758 16.69 22.98
Rondônia 36 316 31 584 14.26 9.10
Acre 13 508 21 532 15.31 16.63
Amazonas 95 348 211 708 24.79 37.08
Roraima 9 480 40 989 23.48 55.06
Pará 164 616 280 808 17.47 21.45
Amapá 6 509 13 390 12.29 13.58
Tocantins 381 45 747 0.20 16.32
Northeast 1 626 786 3 684 584 18.05 32.32
Maranhão 102 303 218 835 10.40 17.71
Piauí 83 660 201 435 16.12 30.46
Ceará 185 661 491 767 13.80 27.97
Rio Grande do Norte 152 574 248 020 29.32 36.91
Paraíba 159 606 297 932 23.02 35.08
Pernambuco 329 864 724 364 20.79 36.79
Alagoas 63 871 141 357 12.16 21.77
Sergipe 89 164 175 032 27.12 40.08
Bahia 460 083 1 185 842 18.32 37.40
Southeast 10 563 833 15 689 277 66.77 77.58
Minas Gerais 1 771 987 3 163 959 47.80 66.40
Espírito Santo 264 067 514 069 42.69 61.12
Rio de Janeiro 2 147 246 3 124 889 62.15 73.46
São Paulo 6 380 533 8 886 360 79.36 85.74
South 2 546 651 4 104 385 44.72 56.97
Paraná 744 242 1 331 761 35.72 49.99
Santa Catarina 512 431 914 849 45.69 61.04
Rio Grande do Sul 1 289 978 1 857 775 51.82 61.07
Centro-Oeste 670 666 1 172 317 29.79 37.16
Mato Grosso do Sul 43 196 92 400 10.05 16.41
Mato Grosso 85 298 159 944 18.71 24.76
Goiás 240 708 445 207 24.36 31.85
Federal District 301 464 474 766 79.82 86.69

Source: IBGE. Censo Demográfico 1991/2000.
Note: data refer to permanent private households served by public water supply system, with a bathroom or a toilet, with rainwater drainage or septic tank for sanitary sewage and waste collection.

Complete tables (zip)

Brazil

 

 Major Regions

 

Municipalities

Table 23

Literacy and illiteracy rate of persons aged 15 and above, by sex and by rural or urban area, according to age groups - 1980/2000

Age Groups Literacy and illiteracy rate of persons aged 15 and above (%)
Total Men Women Urban Rural
1980 1991 2000 1980 1991 2000 1980 1991 2000 1980 1991 2000 1980 1991 2000
Literacy Rate
Total 74.59 79.93 86.37 76.38 80.15 86.23 72.85 79.72 86.50 83.20 85.81 89.75 53.79 59.47 70.21
15 to 19 years old 83.53 87.95 95.00 81.23 84.89 93.54 85.77 90.96 96.48 91.56 93.22 96.77 66.48 72.70 87.81
20 to 24 years old 84.37 87.82 93.27 84.12 86.07 91.66 84.60 89.54 94.88 91.42 92.69 95.64 66.27 71.24 81.93
25 to 29 years old 82.00 87.30 91.98 82.87 86.03 90.34 81.16 88.52 93.57 89.61 92.09 94.67 61.50 69.25 78.31
30 to 34 years old 78.09 86.04 90.31 79.72 85.54 88.88 76.49 86.51 91.67 86.61 91.03 93.30 55.78 66.09 74.79
35 to 39 years old 73.45 83.06 89.22 76.20 83.52 88.12 70.79 82.62 90.27 82.94 88.65 92.39 50.71 60.68 72.30
40 to 44 years old 70.38 78.17 87.56 73.83 79.35 87.24 66.94 77.02 87.87 80.14 84.86 91.04 47.29 53.16 68.58
45 to 49 years old 67.79 73.76 84.33 72.15 75.55 84.80 63.52 72.04 83.89 77.49 81.07 88.47 44.22 48.52 62.94
50 to 54 years old 64.62 70.11 79.67 69.34 72.74 80.75 59.99 67.60 78.65 74.36 77.58 84.55 40.82 45.24 56.47
55 to 59 years old 60.31 66.66 74.48 65.57 70.33 76.49 55.12 63.34 72.67 70.11 74.01 80.04 37.01 42.05 51.39
60 to 64 years old 55.43 62.74 70.85 61.55 66.51 73.26 49.65 59.36 68.73 65.28 70.04 76.26 32.69 38.08 48.26
65 years old ou mais 46.20 52.20 62.02 52.57 56.15 64.94 40.62 48.91 59.72 55.84 59.75 67.32 24.30 27.71 38.43
Illiteracy Rate
Total 25.41 20.07 13.63 23.62 19.85 13.77 27.15 20.28 13.50 16.80 14.19 10.25 46.21 40.53 29.79
15 to 19 years old 16.47 12.05 5.00 18.77 15.11 6.46 14.23 9.04 3.52 8.44 6.78 3.23 33.52 27.30 12.19
20 to 24 years old 15.63 12.18 6.73 15.88 13.93 8.34 15.40 10.46 5.12 8.58 7.31 4.36 33.73 28.76 18.07
25 to 29 years old 18.00 12.70 8.02 17.13 13.97 9.66 18.84 11.48 6.43 10.39 7.91 5.33 38.50 30.75 21.69
30 to 34 years old 21.91 13.96 9.69 20.28 14.46 11.12 23.51 13.49 8.33 13.39 8.97 6.70 44.22 33.91 25.21
35 to 39 years old 26.55 16.94 10.78 23.80 16.48 11.88 29.21 17.38 9.73 17.06 11.35 7.61 49.29 39.32 27.70
40 to 44 years old 29.62 21.83 12.44 26.17 20.65 12.76 33.06 22.98 12.13 19.86 15.14 8.96 52.71 46.84 31.42
45 to 49 years old 32.21 26.24 15.67 27.85 24.45 15.20 36.48 27.96 16.11 22.51 18.93 11.53 55.78 51.48 37.06
50 to 54 years old 35.38 29.89 20.33 30.66 27.26 19.25 40.01 32.40 21.35 25.64 22.42 15.45 59.18 54.76 43.53
55 to 59 years old 39.69 33.34 25.52 34.43 29.67 23.51 44.88 36.66 27.33 29.89 25.99 19.96 62.99 57.95 48.61
60 to 64 years old 44.57 37.26 29.15 38.45 33.49 26.74 50.35 40.64 31.27 34.72 29.96 23.74 67.31 61.92 51.74
65 years old and above 53.80 47.80 37.98 47.43 43.85 35.06 59.38 51.09 40.28 44.16 40.25 32.68 75.70 72.29 61.57

Table 30

Value and change of average real monthly income of persons aged 10 years and above, with income, head of permanent private households, by urban or rural area, according to Major Regions and Federation Units - 1991/2000

Major Regions and Federation Units Value and change of average real monthly income of persons aged 10 years and above, with income, head of permanent private households, by urban or rural area (R$) Change (%)
Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
1991 2000 1991 2000 1991 2000
Brazil 542 769 633 854 215 328 41.88 34.91 52.56
North 428 577 534 663 263 335 34.81 24.16 27.38
Rondônia 400 662 513 755 222 475 65.50 47.17 113.96
Acre 394 526 487 614 213 294 33.50 26.08 38.03
Amazonas 544 627 641 715 248 236 15.26 11.54 -4.84
Roraima 627 685 702 755 325 332 9.25 7.55 2.15
Pará 400 536 494 625 289 328 34.00 26.52 13.49
Amapá 550 683 596 722 342 299 24.18 21.14 -12.57
Tocantins 339 520 446 585 187 306 53.39 31.17 63.64
Northeast 301 448 396 549 143 186 48.84 38.64 30.07
Maranhão 227 343 265 441 201 187 51.10 66.42 -6.97
Piauí 236 363 343 470 108 160 53.81 37.03 48.15
Ceará 289 448 376 545 113 167 55.02 44.95 47.79
Rio Grande do Norte 322 513 394 595 144 233 59.32 51.02 61.81
Paraíba 260 423 335 507 114 181 62.69 51.34 58.77
Pernambuco 362 517 445 597 141 199 42.82 34.16 41.13
Alagoas 300 454 394 552 154 195 51.33 40.10 26.62
Sergipe 330 462 413 564 148 183 40.00 36.56 23.65
Bahia 318 460 434 574 137 190 44.65 32.26 38.69
Southeast 690 945 741 993 262 428 36.96 34.01 63.36
Minas Gerais 444 681 519 746 199 345 53.38 43.74 73.37
Espírito Santo 457 722 531 799 222 395 57.99 50.47 77.93
Rio de Janeiro 661 970 681 992 224 395 46.75 45.67 76.34
São Paulo 836 1 076 867 1 110 388 549 28.71 28.03 41.49
South 530 796 608 868 283 463 50.19 42.76 63.60
Paraná 521 782 608 855 253 422 50.10 40.63 66.80
Santa Catarina 526 814 604 882 319 538 54.75 46.03 68.65
Rio Grande do Sul 540 800 609 873 290 457 48.15 43.35 57.59
Central-West 589 856 654 904 295 518 45.33 38.23 75.59
Mato Grosso do Sul 519 731 574 778 297 468 40.85 35.54 57.58
Mato Grosso 495 775 561 831 298 530 56.57 48.13 77.85
Goiás 481 689 531 718 270 477 43.24 35.22 76.67
Federal District 1 056 1 499 1 085 1 522 514 946 41.95 40.28 84.05

Table 40

Proportion of permanent private households, by occupation status, according to Major Regions and Federation Units - 1980/2000

Major Regions and Federation Units Proportion of permanent private households, by occupation status (%)
Own Rented Lent Other
1980 1991 2000 1980 1991 2000 1980 1991 2000 1980 1991 2000
Brazil 61.67 69.85 74.35 22.53 16.38 14.29 14.38 13.09 10.12 1.41 0.68 1.24
North 76.29 78.37 80.33 12.75 9.77 8.80 9.20 11.23 9.63 1.76 0.63 1.24
Rondônia 64.59 67.05 75.22 14.30 12.45 10.27 18.31 19.12 13.42 2.80 1.39 1.09
Acre 80.36 83.29 83.90 8.46 7.34 6.51 8.57 8.77 8.67 2.60 0.60 0.92
Amazonas 79.15 84.45 83.47 13.99 9.65 8.56 4.25 5.29 6.98 2.60 0.61 0.99
Roraima 72.16 73.69 77.69 17.42 13.71 10.83 9.51 11.99 10.38 0.92 0.61 1.11
Pará 77.01 79.64 81.73 13.36 9.23 7.78 8.29 10.69 9.05 1.34 0.45 1.43
Amapá 77.79 81.99 81.43 12.92 9.26 9.10 8.56 8.24 7.76 0.73 0.51 1.70
Tocantins 74.43 72.63 72.44 7.96 9.59 12.65 16.32 17.14 13.89 1.29 0.63 1.02
Northeast 69.58 75.60 78.30 14.88 11.21 10.60 13.96 12.53 9.93 1.57 0.67 1.17
Maranhão 88.19 86.21 83.50 5.75 5.99 6.14 5.24 7.50 8.84 0.83 0.30 1.52
Piauí 81.57 79.07 79.64 8.72 7.76 7.14 9.10 12.63 11.69 0.61 0.55 1.52
Ceará 62.50 69.60 74.69 16.09 13.51 12.04 19.72 15.83 11.79 1.69 1.06 1.48
Rio Grande do Norte 65.60 72.75 76.67 16.93 12.72 12.22 16.24 13.76 10.21 1.24 0.77 0.90
Paraíba 62.65 71.06 75.49 16.47 12.53 12.09 18.63 15.50 11.44 2.25 0.91 0.98
Pernambuco 61.74 73.04 76.83 21.98 13.93 12.85 14.24 12.37 9.08 2.03 0.66 1.24
Alagoas 58.48 66.70 72.89 16.68 13.33 13.12 23.70 19.29 13.19 1.14 0.69 0.80
Sergipe 76.92 78.87 79.10 14.68 12.04 11.71 7.75 8.68 8.05 0.66 0.41 1.14
Bahia 72.74 78.83 81.02 13.30 9.77 9.44 12.18 10.83 8.60 1.78 0.57 0.93
Southeast 55.47 65.80 71.68 29.25 20.82 17.06 14.01 12.77 9.87 1.27 0.61 1.39
Minas Gerais 60.54 68.20 72.99 20.61 15.84 14.96 17.55 15.35 11.42 1.30 0.60 0.63
Espírito Santo 58.00 66.06 71.25 17.83 13.32 14.04 23.54 20.12 14.13 0.63 0.49 0.58
Rio de Janeiro 56.03 67.65 74.56 31.68 22.38 16.94 10.63 9.26 6.96 1.66 0.70 1.55
São Paulo 52.61 63.88 69.93 33.05 23.03 18.31 13.22 12.51 10.01 1.11 0.58 1.74
South 64.93 71.47 76.61 18.67 14.18 13.18 15.03 13.42 9.30 1.36 0.94 0.92
Paraná 55.65 66.10 73.11 20.40 15.25 14.21 22.03 17.76 11.63 1.92 0.89 1.05
Santa Catarina 73.75 76.32 79.44 14.07 11.44 12.54 11.22 11.30 7.57 0.96 0.94 0.45
Rio Grande do Sul 69.42 73.77 78.27 19.06 14.52 12.59 10.48 10.74 8.10 1.04 0.97 1.04
Central-West 53.29 63.80 66.71 23.06 17.17 17.39 21.90 18.37 14.69 1.75 0.67 1.20
Mato Grosso do Sul 47.52 62.03 67.24 23.91 16.82 15.29 26.98 20.38 16.51 1.59 0.78 0.96
Mato Grosso 61.43 67.97 71.21 14.90 12.94 13.67 21.32 18.39 13.95 2.35 0.70 1.17
Goiás 55.73 64.16 67.25 21.83 16.98 17.56 21.00 18.21 14.39 1.45 0.65 0.79
Federal District 46.36 59.85 59.48 32.39 23.17 23.51 19.06 16.47 14.46 2.19 0.52 2.54

Table 1

Average geometric annual growth rate of the resident population, according to the Major Regions and Federation Units - 1950/2000

Major Regions and Federation Units Average geometric annual growth rate of the resident population (%)
1950/1960 (1) 1960/1970 1970/1980 1980/1991 1991/2000
Brazil 2.99 2.89 2.48 1.93 1.64
North 3.34 3.47 5.02 3.85 2.86
Rondônia 6.39 4.76 16.03 7.89 2.24
Acre 3.20 3.13 3.42 3.01 3.29
Amazonas 3.33 3.03 4.12 3.57 3.31
Roraima 4.65 3.75 6.83 9.63 4.58
Pará 3.11 3.55 4.62 3.46 2.54
Amapá 6.14 5.37 4.36 4.67 5.77
Tocantins - - - 2.01 2.61
Northeast 2.08 2.40 2.16 1.83 1.31
Maranhão 4.50 1.94 2.93 1.93 1.54
Piauí 1.69 3.07 2.44 1.73 1.09
Ceará 2.96 2.84 1.95 1.70 1.75
Rio Grande do Norte 1.65 3.07 2.05 2.22 1.58
Paraíba 1.52 1.76 1.52 1.32 0.82
Pernambuco 1.86 2.34 1.76 1.36 1.19
Alagoas 1.38 2.36 2.24 2.18 1.31
Fernando de Noronha 8.12 1.12 0.30 (2) ... (2) ...
Sergipe 1.54 1.82 2.38 2.47 2.03
Bahia 2.01 2.38 2.35 2.09 1.09
Southeast 3.06 2.67 2.64 1.77 1.62
Minas Gerais 2.33 1.49 1.54 1.49 1.44
Espírito Santo 3.51 2.11 2.38 2.31 1.98
Rio de Janeiro 3.46 3.13 2.30 1.15 1.32
São Paulo 3.39 3.33 3.49 2.13 1.80
South 4.07 3.45 1.44 1.38 1.43
Paraná 7.16 4.97 0.97 0.93 1.40
Santa Catarina 3.04 3.20 2.26 2.06 1.87
Rio Grande do Sul 2.54 2.19 1.55 1.48 1.23
Central-West 5.36 5.60 4.05 3.01 2.39
Mato Grosso do Sul 6.23 5.59 3.21 2.41 1.75
Mato Grosso 4.29 6.12 6.64 5.38 2.40
Goiás 4.62 4.38 2.76 2.33 2.49
Federal District - 14.39 8.15 2.84 2.82

Source: IBGE, Censo Demográfico 1950/2000.
Note: To compute the growth rate in the 1980-1991 and 1991-2000 periods, the populations have been matched according to the territorial mesh in force in the subsequent census.
(1) To compute the rates, the present population related to 1950 and the resident population related to 1960 have been used. (2) As of 1989, it comprises the State District of the State of Pernambuco.

The IBGE adopts a review policy of the data disclosed by this statistical operation. Data review means any and all scheduled revision of numerical data due to new information, which was not accessible at the time of the first disclosure. For instance: late data that replaces a non-response; or data corrected by the informant himself; or a set of data that has undergone editing and imputation. For more detailed information about the published data review policy of the IBGE statistical operations, check the list of short-term, long-term and special surveys carried out by the Institute with their respective revision procedure on: https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?view=detalhes&id=298009.

Publications - Demographic trends: an analysis of universe results

Description

It is the major reference source to know the life conditions of the population in all the municipalities of Brazil and in their internal territorial divisions, having the resident person in the housing unit in the National Territory in the reference date as the data collection unit.

The Basic Questionnaire of the survey investigates information on the characteristics of the housing units (urban or rural status, number of bathrooms, existence of toilet, drainage of the bathroom or toilet, water supply, garbage disposal, existence of electricity, etc.); international emigration; composition of the housing units (number of residents, shared responsibility, list of residents, identification of the head, family relationship with the head of the household, etc.); characteristics of residents (sex and age, color or race, ethnicity and spoken language, in the case of Indians, ownership of birth registration, literacy, monthly earnings, etc.); and mortality. Selected housing units were investigated through the Sample Questionnaire, which includes more detailed items on the characteristics of the housing unit and residents in addition to those present in the Basic Questionnaire, as well as items on specific themes like disability, nuptiality and fertility.

The periodicity of the survey is decennial, except for the years of 1910 and 1930, in which the survey was canceled, and of 1990, whose operation was postponed to 1991.

The geographic coverage is nationwide, with results released for Brazil, Major Regions, Federation Units, Mesoregions, Microregions, Metropolitan Areas, Municipalities, Districts, Sub-districts and Enumeration Areas. 

Historical Overview

The first population census in Brazil was carried out in 1808, specifically aiming at military interests of recruiting for the Armed Forces. It caused the suspect that its results would have been far from reality, due either to the natural prevention of the population against census operations or, mainly, to its objectives. For historical purposes, the census carried out in 1872, called General Census of the Empire, is considered the first one in Brazil, due to its bigger complexity and, above all, to the control exerted on the whole operation. It was established by Decree no. 4,856, of December 30, 1871, and conducted by the General Directorate of Statistics, later discontinued in 1879. The census scheduled for 1880 was transferred to 1887, eventually remaining just as a project. The General Directorate of Statistics was reestablished by Decree no. 113-d, of January 2, 1890, which set the date of December 31, 1890 to carry out the I Census of the Republic. The II Decennial Census of the Republic began on December 31, 1900 in the entire Brazilian territory. Nevertheless, problems with the calculation of the data in the city of Rio de Janeiro, then Federal District, caused the appointment of a commission to study this issue, which concluded to cancel the results related to the city.  Based on a legal provision towards this aim, the Federal District carried out another survey just in 1906, completed in February 1907 and released in a special volume. Scheduled for December 31, 1910, the III Decennial Census of the Republic was transferred to June 30, 1911. The operation was definitively discontinued as a result of the political turmoil that Brazil was facing at the time. Carried out on September 1, 1920, the IV Decennial Census aimed at not only the population, yet also the economic situation of the localities. As a result, the industrial and agricultural production in Brazil were thoroughly investigated. Considering the decennial periodicity of the Brazilian censuses as established by law, the V General Census of Brazil should had taken place in 1930, yet a number of reasons, particularly those of political nature, hindered the operation that year. After the radical transformation of the statistical services in Brazil – creation of the National Council of Statistics - CNE and National Council of Geography - CNG, which, altogether, formed the IBGE, according to Decree-Law no. 218, of January 26, 1938 –, the V General Census of Brazil was carried out in 1940, corresponding to the fifth population census, second agricultural and industrial census, and first surveying on trade, transportation, communications and services.  Carried out in 1950, the VI General Census of Brazil included the Population Census, whose reference date was fixed on July 1st, and the Agricultural, Industrial, Trade and Services Censuses, as well as the special surveys on transportation and communications. That census integrated the Census of the Americas, sponsored by the Inter-American Statistical Institute - IASI, addressing a specific request from the United Nations - UN. Held on September 1, 1960, the VII General Census of Brazil also followed the basic guidelines established by those international organizations, in order to assure the consistency of the concepts and allow the comparability of the census results among the American nations. In this survey, the sampling technique was used for the first time in a Brazilian census. Integrated with the Census of the Americas, the VIII General Census of Brazil was carried out on September 1, 1970, encompassing the Population Census and the Property, Agricultural, Industrial, Trade and Services Censuses, as well as special surveys on credit institutions, insurance companies and companies in charge of producing and distributing electricity. The IBGE carried out the IX General Census of Brazil on September 1, 1980, which included not only the Population Census, yet also the Agricultural, Industrial, Trade and Services Censuses and, after previous surveys, integrated with the Census of the Americas, as suggested by the UN. That survey counted on technological advances that allowed innovations in the operation and dissemination of results, which were published in the same year of the operation for the first time ever. Due to budget restrictions, the Population Census was not carried out in 1990, being postponed to September 1, 1991. Compared with the previous censuses, the 1991 Population Census innovated in a number of technical, technological and operational aspects, highlighting also the institution of partnerships – Municipal Census Commissions - CCMs and the Advisory Commission –, which worked as a link between the IBGE and the society. The 2000 Population Census, which resumed the operation in years ending in zero, anticipated the reference date of the survey from September 1st to August 1st, and represented a qualitative leap in a number of aspects, particularly concerning the technological innovation – from the system that followed up the data collection to the data capture and to the automation of the processes of data coding, edit and tabulation, through the extensive use of digital technologies, providing the most appropriate media to each segment of users. Its implementation consolidated the statistical bonds among the countries of the Extended Mercosur, which also includes Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia and Chile. Carried out on August 1st, the 2010 Population Census made important transformations in the work methods, providing users with even more interactive and specialized pictures, characterized by relevant methodological improvements and technological advances. Partnerships were improved and strengthened through the State Census Commissions - CCEs and Municipal Commissions of Geography and Statistics - CMGEs, aiming at expanding the integration between the IBGE and the local communities to gather cooperation and logistics support for the implementation of institutional surveys.

Time series

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Microdata

The microdata are the lowest level of disaggregation of the data of a survey, representing, in the form of numerical codes, the content of the questionnaires and preserving the statistical confidentiality aiming at the non-individualization of the information. The microdata are in ASCII format, allowing expert users with knowledge in programming, preferably in statistical software, to read the data, cross them in different geographic aggregations and create multiple tabulations according to their personal interest.

The microdata files are coupled with a support documentation that provides the names, codes and descriptions of the variables and their categories, complemented, whenever needed, with elements to compute the sampling errors.

2010 Census

Updating

March 11, 2016 - Variable v1005 - ENUMERATION AREA STATUS was included in the HOUSING UNIT, PERSON, EMIGRATION and MORTALITY files

Federation Units

Documentation

Tables - Federation Units and Municipalities (in zip format)

2000 Census

Updating

September 8, 2017 - It was detected that variable V0300 was not in the housing unit file.

March 9, 2016 - It was detected that the activity and employment files were incomplete and that it was necessary to include new codes in the documentation that matches the codes of 2000 and 1991.

June 19, 2015 - It was detected that parts of some records were corrupted. The files were replaced.

Federation Units

Downloads

Technical Information

Methodology of the survey carried out in 2010 (Methodological Reports Series, v. 41)

Methodology of the survey carried out in 2000 (Methodological Reports Series, v. 25)

Methodology of the survey carried out in 1980 (Methodological Reports Series, v. 4)

The changes that took place in the survey after the release of the methodological reports are presented either as Technical notes and/or Methodological notes. The technical notes either report or clarify specific issues on the survey, whereas the methodological notes address general aspects of the improvements, updates and/or revisions implemented, as well as complementary methodological aspects, whose clarifications have been made necessary before the release of a new formal volume of the Methodological Reports Series.

Technical notes

  • Technical note 01/2018 - Reinterpretation of the data on disabled persons in the 2010 Population Census, in the light of the recommendations of the Washington Group

News and Releases

2022 Census

2022 Census: two out of three Brazilians were residents of roads without wheelchair ramps

Data found in the 2022 Census show that, of the 174.2 million residents of areas with urban characteristics...

17/04/2025

2022 Census

In Maceió (AL), IBGE releases urban characteristics of surroundings of housing units

On April 17, at 10 am, in Maceió (AL), the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) will...

03/04/2025

2022 Census

2022 Census: proportion of population with complete higher education increases from 6.8% in 2000 to 18.4% in 2022

Between 2000 and 2022, the proportion of persons with complete higher education grew 2.7 times in the...

26/02/2025

2022 Census

2022 Census: Brazil has 8.5 thousand Indigenous localities, most of them in the North Region

According with Census data, published today (19) by the IBGE, there were 8,568 Indigenous localities...

19/12/2024

2022 Census

2022 Census: one out of five Brazilians lives in rented household

In 2022, the proportion of Brazilians who lived in rented households maintained the upward trend and...

12/12/2024

2022 Census

2022 Census: At Casa Brasil IBGE, technical team releases aggregated results by enumeration areas and enumeration routes

The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) released, on Thursday, 14, data relative to...

14/11/2024

2022 Census

2022 Census: 87% of the Brazilian population lives in urban areas

According to the 2022 Population Census, of the total country's population, 203.1 million people, 177.5...

14/11/2024

2022 Census

IBGE launches Environment and Maps Modules for the Creating Synergies between the 2030 Agenda and the G20 series

The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) is releasing the Environment and Maps thematic...

14/11/2024

2022 Census

2022 Census: IBGE releases data on the Census Map at Casa Brasil IBGE

On November 14, at 10 am, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) will releases the...

12/11/2024

2022 Census

2022 Census: 16.4 million persons in Brazil lived in Favelas and Urban Communities

The 2022 Population Census  found 12,348 Favelas and Urban Communities in Brazil, inhabited by 16,390,815...

08/11/2024

See more releases

Errata

  • Correction of files in the product Aggregated resuts by enumeration areas

    Published date: 17/04/2025

    Description:
    Necessary corrections were made in the mesh of Enumeration Areas, causing the relocation of 18 housing units to a different enumeration area in the file “Agregados_por_setores_basico_BR.zip”. Variable V00003 had its name corrected from “Domicílios Coletivos Com Morador” to “Unidades de Habitação em Domicílios Coletivos Com Morador” in the file “Dicionário de dados”. Other 15 blank variables - V00236, V00243, V00250, V00257, V00280, V00281, V00282, V00283, V00284, V00303, V00304, V00556, V00563, V00570 and V00577 - were corrected in the files “Agregados_por_setores_caracteristicas_domicilios2.zip” and “Agregados_por_setores_caracteristicas_domicilios3.zip”.

    Actions: Replacement of files available for download on the release page an in the Methodological note no. 06/2024.

    Access here
  • Replacement of publication Methodological notes no.07/2024: Sample expansion process for preliminary results

    Published date: 30/01/2025

    Description:
    The amendment of the title of the methodological note referenced on page 11 of the publication was required.

    Actions: The publication has been replaced and the title of the methodological note, which talks about the construction of preliminary weighting areas, has been changed.

    Access here
  • Correction of data in two graphs of the topic Indigenous peoples on the 2022 Census Overview website

    Published date: 09/10/2024

    Description:
    The graphs "Population in indigenous lands" and "Indigenous lands by location of housing unit" of the 2022 Census Overview website presented incorrect data in the period between September 26 and October 04, 2024.  

    Actions: The error was corrected on the 2022 Census Overview website in the afternoon of October 04. 

    Access here
  • Replacement of the publication 2022 Population Census: Indigenous Population: Literacy, birth records and characteristics of housing units, by specific areas: Population Results

    Published date: 08/10/2024

    Description:
    Correction of two pieces of data in the last paragraph of page 42 of the complete publication. Instead of 24 municipalities, there are 25 where the proportion of the population living in housing units with a bathroom for exclusive use in 2022 was below 50% and, instead of 668 municipalities, there are 669 where this proportion was below 90%.
    Five pieces of data on pages 164, 202, 218 and 219 of the publication were corrected. On page 164, the figure informed was 621 079 housing units, while the correct figure is 342 080 housing units. On page 202, the figure informed was 621 079 housing units, but the right figure is 516 176 housing units. On pages 218 and 219, percent changes were corrected from 9.42% to 9.39%; from 34.70% to 34.71%; and from 0.55% to 0.56%.

    Actions: The complete publication was replaced.

    Access here
  • Replacement of 2022 Population Census: Characteristics of housing units: Population results publication

    Published date: 05/06/2024

    Description:
    Amendment of two data in the last paragraph of page 42 of the complete publication. Instead of 24 municipalities, they are 25 in which the proportion of the population living in housing units with exclusive bathrooms in 2022 was lower than 50%, and, instead of 668 municipalities, they are 669 in which this proportion was lower than 90%.
     
    Actions: The complete publication has been replaced.

    Access here
  • Error in release "Population and households - First results", specifically in results of municipalities Abel Figueiredo (PA) and São Pedro da Água Branca (MA)

    Published date: 22/12/2023

    Description:
    Error in the data collection, pinpointed by the IBGE, in the inter-state border between Pará and Maranhão, in the municipalities of Abel Figueiredo (PA) and São Pedro da Água Branca (MA). The amendment caused the transference of a contingent of 894 persons and 330 households, being 265 occupied households with interviews from Abel Figueiredo (PA) to São Pedro da Água Branca (MA).

    Actions:
    Tables SIDRA 4709, 4711, 4712 e 4714 of the "Population and Households -First Results" release with the amendments were made available on December 22, 2023.

    Observation:
    The IBGE is producing a Technical Note, to be released soon, detailing this problem and showing all the actions aiming at its amendment.

    Access here
  • Error in release "Population by age and sex - Results of the universe", specifically in results of municipalities Abel Figueiredo (PA) and São Pedro da Água Branca (MA)

    Published date: 22/12/2023

    Description:
    Error in the data collection, pinpointed by the IBGE, in the inter-state border between Pará and Maranhão, in the municipalities of Abel Figueiredo (PA) and São Pedro da Água Branca (MA). The amendment caused the transference of a contingent of 894 persons from Abel Figueiredo (PA) to São Pedro da Água Branca (MA).

    Actions:
    Tables SIDRA 1209, 9514 e 9515 of the "Population by age and sex - Results of the Universe" release with the amendments were made available on December 22, 2023.

    Observation:
    The IBGE is producing a Technical Note, to be released soon, detailing this problem and showing all the actions aiming at its amendment.

    Access here
  • Calendar error in the release of 2022 Population Census: Population by age and sex - Persons aged 60 years and over publication

    Published date: 01/11/2023

    Description:
    Error, pinpointed by the IBGE, for not publishing the release date of the document titled "2022 Population Census: Population by age and sex - Persons aged 60 years and over" in the release calendar. The document was produced to complement the "2022 Population Census: Population by age and sex: Results of the universe" publication, released on October 27, 2023. Aware of the relevance of this theme, the text specifically deals with the population aged 60 years and over, which are the people considered Elderly persons according to the Statute of Elderly Persons.

    Actions: Release of a Highlight on the availability of the "2022 Population Census: Population by age and sex - Persons aged 60 years and over" document.

    Access here
  • Calendar error in the release of the “2022 Population Census: Population by age and sex - Results of the universe” publication

    Published date: 04/10/2023

    Description:
    Error, pinpointed by the IBGE, for not meeting the minimum 30-day anticipation to inform the public on the release date of the 2022 Population Census: Population by age and sex - Results of the universe publication, released on June 28, 2023. The release and updating will occur on October 27, 2023.

    Actions: The Highlight has been published on October 4, 2023.

    Access here
  • Calendar error in release of “2022 Population Census: Indigenous: First results of universe” publication

    Published date: 25/07/2023

    Description:
    An error, pinpointed by the IBGE, for not meeting a minimum of 30 days to inform the public the release date of the 2022 Population Census: Indigenous: First results for the universe publication. The release will be on August 7, 2023.

    Actions: The release notice updated on July 11, 2023 was once again updated on this date, informing the postponement of the date from August 2 to August 7, 2023.

    Access here
  • Correction in the Oracle database and BME concerning specific variables on Indians

    Published date: 05/02/2018

    Description: Some registers of non-Indian persons or persons who did not live in Indian lands received incorrect values in specific variables of this subject.

    Actions: The file was corrected and replaced in the Oracle database and BME.

    Access here
  • Complementation of the nomenclature of the cells of the vector files of the Statistical Grid of the 2010 Census

    Published date: 06/10/2016

    Description: Complementation of the nomenclature of the cells of the grid, maintaining its statistical content and spatial characteristics unchanged.

    Actions: The vector files have been replaced.

    Access here
  • Complementation of nomenclature for cells of vector files of the Statistical Grid for the 2010 Census

    Published date: 06/10/2016

    Description: Complementation of the nomenclature of the grid cells, without change of the statistical content or of spatial characteristics.

    Actions: Vector files replaced.

    Access here
  • Correction of a secondary error in the Results of the Universe - Census

    Published date: 28/07/2015

    Description: Difference detected among totals of the same variables in different spreadsheets of the Aggregate by enumeration area of the universe - 2010 Census.

    Actions: Correction in the database with indication in the news list of the page that accesses the database.

    Access here
  • Amendment of a secondary error in Results of the Universe - 2010 Census

    Published date: 25/05/2015

    Description: Difference detected among total figures of the same variables in different spreadsheets of the Aggregate by enumeration area of the universe - 2010 Census.

    Actions: Amendment in database, indicating the access page to the database in the news list.

    Access here

Links

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